Capitalism without Capital: The Rise of the Intangible Economy

by Jonathan Haskel and Stian Westlake,
The Huffington Post, December 19, 2017

In 1962, in a book entitled The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States, economist Fritz Machlup suggested that forms of knowledge could be produced, like refrigerators and cars. Machlup urged his fellow economists to begin measuring research and development, marketing, branding, and the training of workers.